Concepts for Exam IV

Chapter 7 - Energy

Work = force applied times distance traveled (W = Fd)

Potential Energy = mass times g times height (U = mgh)

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 times mass times velocity² (K = ½mv²)

Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form of energy into another.

Review the relationship between work and kinetic energy.

Chapter 8 - Rotational Motion

Rotational Inertia: The property of an object to resist any change in its state of rotation.

Torque = force times lever-arm distance (t = Fr)

Center of Mass: The average position of mass of an object.

Centripetal Force: a "center-seeking" force that keeps an object in a circular path

Centrifugal Force: an outward force due to rotation.

Angular Momentum = rotational inertia times rotational velocity(L = Iw)

Conservation of Angular Momentum: If there is no external torque, then the angular momentum of an object will not change.

Review how the location of the center of mass effects that stability of an object. Also review the figures in your text involving conservation of angular momentum.

Chapter 9 & 10 – Gravity and Projectile and Satellite Motion

Law of Universal Gravitation: The gravitational force between to objects is

where G is a constant, m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the two objects and d is the distance between their centers.

Weightlessness: A conditions wherein gravitational pull appears to be lacking.

Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

Law 1: Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the sun at one focus.

Law 2: The line from the sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of space in equal times intervals.

Law 3: The squares of the orbital periods is proportional to the cubes of their average distances from the sun.

Review the types of tides and what causes them.

Concepts from Lab Exercises

Reminder: The final exam will contain questions pertaining to the lab.

Telescope & Microscope: real and virtual images, opera glass, focal length

Graphing: independent variable, dependent variable, slope, equation of a line

Additions of Vectors: head-to-tail method, resultant, equilibriant

Linear Momentum: conservation of linear momentum, vector nature of linear momentum

Pendulum: the acceleration of gravity was calculated, the period depended only on length and g

Centripetal Force: studied the effect of rotational speed on the centripetal force

Review homework and class notes.